Common Drip Irrigation Problems and Simple Fixes for Kenyan Farmers
Installing a drip irrigation system for your farm is a crucial step towards environmental sustainability, labor savings, and financial profitability. However, it is not the only step. Proper maintenance and knowing the common drip irrigation problems are critical for consistent performance.
In this article, we explain some of the most common drip irrigation problems you should know about and prepare for. The article also provides simple, practical fixes tailored to Kenyan contexts.
First Things First: How Does Drip Irrigation Work?
A drip irrigation system comprises pipes with tiny holes or special parts referred to as emitters. With the irrigation pipe placed strategically close to the roots of crops, the emitters slowly and constantly drop water next to the plant roots, so that only the plants get water rather than the empty spaces around or between them.
This way, a drip irrigation system saves water by efficiently targeting plant roots. It automates the process of supplying plants with water, ensuring they get it when they need it, leading to healthier crops and better yields.
Common Issues That Cause Drip Systems to Fail or Perform Poorly
Drip irrigation systems are made with some of the best technologies, but like anything, they have their share of issues that require your attention. Most drip irrigation problems result from external causes. Here is a quick look at some of these factors.
- Clogged drip emitters
As already explained, emitters are tiny holes responsible for delivering water slowly and directly to plant roots. Over time, or due to improper maintenance, sediment, mineral deposits, algae, or organic matter in water can clog these crucial holes in the drip line.
Clogged emitters are unable to deliver water to the target crop roots, leading them to either release water unevenly or stop working altogether.
- Uneven water distribution
Various factors can cause uneven water distribution, leaving some parts dry and preventing water from reaching plants in those dry areas. These factors can include improper layout, insufficient pressure, changes in drip line elevation, or partial blockages.
When uneven water distribution occurs, some areas of the field will typically receive too much water while others remain dry or receive too little. These two extremes can harm crops and waste water.
- Leaks or cracks in irrigation hose(s)
Wear, UV pressure, rodents, and even environmental stress can cause the irrigation pipe to sustain leaks.
Other than damaged irrigation hoses, worn-out fittings, or faulty connectors can also cause leaks in the drip irrigation system, leading to inefficient water delivery and wastage. If you rely on purchased water for irrigation, leaks can significantly increase your bills.
- Water quality issues
Hard water, high mineral content, sediments, and water pH are some factors that can cause mineral deposits inside the irrigation line. Such deposits can block the emitters and cause inefficiencies in water delivery.
- Water pressure problems
Drip line irrigation systems can sometimes experience inconsistent water pressure. If the pressure is too high, it can risk damaging the drip lines, while too low water pressure can lead to insufficient watering.
Inconsistent water pressure often results from faulty or missing pressure regulators, design flaws, or issues in the water source.
Maintenance Practices and Simple Fixes to Drip Irrigation Problems
While drip irrigation problems can strike at any time without notice, the good news is that you can address these problems with some simple and effective fixes. Read along to learn how to address and prevent drip irrigation problems.
- Install a filtration system at the water entry point
An effective way to prevent sediments and other large particles from entering and clogging your irrigation pipe is to incorporate a filtration system at the entry point. This will trap and filter out large particles before they enter the pipes, preventing them from blocking the emitters.
Additionally, you can use self-cleaning filters in an automatic watering system to minimize the need for frequent physical checks and maintenance. Irrihub has some of the best irrigation kits you can use to automate your system.
- Flush the lines regularly
We recommend flushing the drip lines at high flow at the start and end of the season to remove any solid particles likely to clog the pipes. Flushing is also recommended if you notice any clogs or uneven watering.
- Clean the pipes and treat them with chemicals periodically
Periodic cleaning and chemical treatment should form part of your drip irrigation system’s regular maintenance routine.
If you notice poor water quality, flush the pipes with a suitable acid or peroxide solution to dissolve mineral or organic buildup in the pipes. Chemicals should be handled with caution, so be sure to consult the experts at Irrihub before using any.
- Inspect and replace damaged parts
For cracks or damaged parts constituting your drip irrigation problems, the best solution is to visually check the system for cracks, leaks, and damaged joints. Once you notice them, repair or replace them accordingly. You can get any parts you need from Irrihub.
- Use pressure regulators and proper system design
The best way to prevent or avoid problems related to inconsistent water pressure is to install automatic pressure regulators, available at Irrihub.
- Schedule regular maintenance and checks
Weekly checks for filters can help detect problems early. We also recommend scheduling flushing to occur monthly to address any water quality issues on time.
Conclusion
Regular maintenance and implementing the correct design can significantly prolong the service life of your drip irrigation system.
Drip irrigation is a serious investment that can significantly boost your yields. By following the guidelines identified in this article, you should be able to avoid the common drip irrigation problems or address them on time, and avoid serious losses.
We hope this guide helps you out. Let us know your thoughts in the comments.